Nā aniani aniani.
I nā lā mua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike, ua hana ʻia nā aniani aniani a pau i ke aniani.
ʻO ka mea nui no nā lens aniani he aniani optical.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu refractive ma mua o ka lens resin, no laila ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka lens aniani ma mua o ka lens resin i ka mana like.ʻO ka index refractive o nā aniani aniani he 1.523, 1.60, 1.70, 1.80, 1.90.Loaʻa i nā lens aniani ka maikaʻi o ka transmittance a me nā waiwai mechanochemical: ʻōlelo kuhikuhi refractive mau a me nā waiwai kino a me nā waiwai paʻa.
ʻOiai hāʻawi nā lens aniani i nā optics ʻokoʻa, kaumaha lākou a hiki ke haki maʻalahi, hiki ke hōʻeha nui i ka maka a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka maka.No kēia mau kumu, ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia nā aniani aniani no nā aniani.

Nā leka uila.
● 1.50 CR-39
I ka makahiki 1947, ua hoʻokomo ka Armorlite Lens Company i Kaleponi i nā lens aniani aniani māmā māmā.Ua hana ʻia nā lens me kahi polymer plastic i kapa ʻia ʻo CR-39, kahi pōkole no "Columbia Resin 39," no ka mea ʻo ia ka 39th formulation o kahi plastic-cured plastic i hoʻomohala ʻia e PPG Industries i nā makahiki 1940.
Ma muli o kona kaumaha māmā (e pili ana i ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o ke aniani), ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻano hiʻona maikaʻi loa, ʻo CR-39 plastic ka mea kaulana no nā aniani aniani a hiki i kēia lā.
● 1.56 NK-55
ʻO ka mea maʻalahi loa o nā lens Index kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī loa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CR39.Ma kahi o 15% ʻoi aku ka lahilahi a me 20% ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka 1.5, hāʻawi ia i kahi koho waiwai no nā poʻe maʻi e koi ana i nā lens thinner.ʻO ka NK-55 ka waiwai Abbe o 42 e hana ia i kahi koho maikaʻi no nā kuhikuhi ma waena o -2.50 a me +2.50 dioptres.
● Nā leka plastik kiʻekiʻe
I nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, i ka pane ʻana i ke koi no nā maka aniani ʻoi aku ka lahilahi, māmā, ua hoʻolauna kekahi mau mea hana lens i nā lens plastic kiʻekiʻe.ʻOi aku ka lahilahi a ʻoi aku ka māmā o kēia mau lens ma mua o nā lens plastik CR-39 no ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka index of refraction a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO MR™ Series ka lens optical premium i hoʻolālā ʻia e Japan Mitsui Chemicals me kahi kuhikuhi refractive kiʻekiʻe, waiwai Abbe kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kikoʻī a me ke kūpaʻa hopena kiʻekiʻe.
Ua kūpono ʻo MR™ Series no nā lens ophthalmic a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka mea mua o ka thiourethane bases high index lens material.Hāʻawi ʻo MR ™ i nā huahana like ʻole e hāʻawi i ka hopena maikaʻi loa no nā mea hoʻohana lens optical.
RI 1.60: MR-8
ʻO ka mea lens lens kiʻekiʻe kaulike kaulike me ka hapa nui loa o ka mākeke waiwai lens RI 1.60.Ua kūpono ʻo MR-8 i nā lens ophthalmic ikaika a he maʻamau hou ia i nā mea lens ophthalmic.
RI 1.67: MR-7
Mea lens RI 1.67 maʻamau honua.ʻO nā mea waiwai maikaʻi no nā lens thinner me ke kūpaʻa ikaika.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiki ke kala kala i ka MR-7.
RI 1.74: MR-174
Nā mea lens index kiʻekiʻe loa no nā lens lahilahi.ʻAʻole loaʻa ka poʻe hoʻohana i nā lens ikaika i nā lens manoanoa a kaumaha.

Nā leki polycarbonate.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka Polycarbonate i nā makahiki 1970 no nā noi aerospace, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa no nā pale pale mahiole o nā astronauts a no nā pale makani kaʻa.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā aniani aniani i hana ʻia me ka polycarbonate i nā makahiki 1980 mua i pane i kahi koi no nā lens māmā a me ka hopena.
Mai ia manawa, ua lilo nā lens polycarbonate i mea maʻamau no nā aniani palekana, nā aniani haʻuki a me nā maka o nā keiki.No ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka haki ʻana ma mua o nā lens plastik maʻamau, ʻo nā lens polycarbonate kekahi koho maikaʻi no nā hoʻolālā maka aniani ʻole kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā lens i nā ʻāpana kiʻi me nā puʻu drill.
Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā lens plastik ʻē aʻe mai ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, kahi i kālua ʻia ai kahi mea ʻilika wai no ka manawa lōʻihi i nā ʻano lens, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka plastik wai e hana i kahi lens.Akā ʻo ka polycarbonate he thermoplastic e hoʻomaka ana ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa i ke ʻano o nā pellets liʻiliʻi.Ma ke kaʻina hana lens i kapa ʻia ʻo injection molding, ua hoʻomehana ʻia nā pellets a hiki i ka heheʻe.Hoʻokomo koke ʻia ka polycarbonate wai i loko o nā mole lens, hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomaha ʻia e hana i kahi huahana lens i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o kahi mau minuke.

Nā leki Trivex.
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o kāna mau pono, ʻaʻole ka polycarbonate wale nō ka mea lens kūpono no nā noi palekana a me nā pale maka o nā keiki.
I ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻolauna ʻo PPG Industries (Pittsburgh, Penn.) i kahi mea lens hoʻokūkū i kapa ʻia ʻo Trivex.E like me nā lens polycarbonate, ʻeleʻele nā ​​lens i hana ʻia me Trivex, māmā a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hopena ma mua o nā lens plastik a i ʻole aniani.
ʻO nā lens Trivex, akā naʻe, ua haku ʻia me kahi monomer i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka urethane a ua hana ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā lens plastik maʻamau.Hāʻawi kēia i nā lens Trivex i ka pono o nā optics crisper ma mua o nā lens polycarbonate injection-molded, e like me ka PPG.