Magalasi agalasi.
M'masiku oyambirira a kukonza masomphenya, magalasi onse agalasi amapangidwa ndi galasi.
Chinthu chachikulu cha magalasi agalasi ndi galasi la kuwala.Mndandanda wa refractive ndi wapamwamba kuposa utomoni wa lens, kotero lens yagalasi ndi yopyapyala kuposa ma lens a resin mu mphamvu yomweyo.Mndandanda wa refractive wa mandala agalasi ndi 1.523, 1.60, 1.70, 1.80, 1.90.Magalasi agalasi ali ndi transmittance yabwino komanso mechanochemical properties: index refractive index ndi zokhazikika zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.
Ngakhale magalasi agalasi amapereka mawonekedwe apadera, ndi olemetsa ndipo amatha kusweka mosavuta, zomwe zitha kuvulaza kwambiri diso kapena kutaya diso.Pazifukwa izi, magalasi agalasi sagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga magalasi.

Magalasi apulasitiki.
● 1.50 CR-39
Mu 1947, kampani ya Armorlite Lens ku California inayambitsa magalasi a magalasi apulasitiki opepuka.Magalasiwo adapangidwa ndi polymer ya pulasitiki yotchedwa CR-39, chidule cha "Columbia Resin 39," chifukwa chinali mapangidwe a 39 a pulasitiki ochiritsidwa ndi matenthedwe opangidwa ndi PPG Industries koyambirira kwa 1940s.
Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake (pafupifupi theka la kulemera kwa galasi), mtengo wotsika komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, pulasitiki ya CR-39 imakhalabe chinthu chodziwika bwino cha magalasi a maso ngakhale lero.
● 1,56 NK-55
Zotsika mtengo kwambiri zamagalasi apamwamba a Index komanso olimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi CR39.Popeza nkhaniyi ili pafupi ndi 15% yowonda komanso 20% yopepuka kuposa 1.5 imapereka njira yachuma kwa odwala omwe amafunikira magalasi ocheperako.NK-55 ili ndi mtengo wa Abbe wa 42 ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino pazamankhwala pakati pa -2.50 ndi +2.50 dioptres.
● Magalasi apulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri
M’zaka 20 zapitazi, pofuna kuthana ndi kufunika kwa magalasi ocheperako, opepuka, opanga magalasi angapo apanga magalasi apulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri.Magalasi awa ndioonda komanso opepuka kuposa magalasi apulasitiki a CR-39 chifukwa ali ndi index yayikulu yowonera ndipo amathanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yokoka yocheperako.
MR™ Series ndi mandala owoneka bwino opangidwa ndi Japan Mitsui Chemicals okhala ndi index yotsika kwambiri, mtengo wa Abbe, mphamvu yokoka yotsika komanso kukana kwambiri.
MR ™ Series ndiyoyenera makamaka magalasi amaso ndipo imadziwika kuti thiourethane bases high index lens material.Mndandanda wa MR™ umapereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zipereke yankho labwino kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma lens.
RI 1.60: MR-8
Ma lens apamwamba kwambiri omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika wazinthu zamagalasi a RI 1.60.MR-8 ndiyoyenerana ndi ma lens amphamvu aliwonse ndipo ndi mulingo watsopano wamagalasi amaso.
RI 1.67: MR-7
Global standard RI 1.67 mandala zinthu.Zida zazikulu zamagalasi ocheperako okhala ndi kukana mwamphamvu.MR-7 ali ndi luso lopangira utoto wabwinoko.
RI 1.74: MR-174
Zinthu zopangira magalasi apamwamba kwambiri a magalasi owonda kwambiri.Ovala ma lens amphamvu tsopano alibe magalasi okhuthala komanso olemetsa.

Magalasi a polycarbonate.
Polycarbonate idapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1970 kuti igwiritse ntchito zamlengalenga, ndipo pakadali pano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma visor a chisoti a astronaut komanso ma windshield a shuttle.Magalasi agalasi opangidwa ndi polycarbonate adayambitsidwa koyambirira kwa 1980s poyankha kufunikira kwa magalasi opepuka, osagwira ntchito.
Kuyambira pamenepo, magalasi a polycarbonate akhala muyezo wa magalasi otetezera, magalasi amasewera ndi zovala za ana.Chifukwa satha kusweka ngati ma lens apulasitiki wamba, ma lens a polycarbonate nawonso ndiabwino kupanga mapangidwe ansalu opanda m'maso pomwe magalasi amamangiriridwa pazigawo zokhala ndi zobowola.
Ma lens ena ambiri apulasitiki amapangidwa kuchokera ku njira yopangira pulasitiki, pomwe pulasitiki yamadzimadzi imawotchedwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'magalasi, kulimbitsa pulasitiki yamadzimadzi kuti ipange mandala.Koma polycarbonate ndi thermoplastic yomwe imayamba ngati zinthu zolimba ngati ma pellets ang'onoang'ono.Popanga ma lens otchedwa jekeseni, ma pellets amatenthedwa mpaka atasungunuka.Polycarbonate yamadzimadzi imalowetsedwa mwachangu mu nkhungu zamagalasi, kukanikizidwa ndi kupanikizika kwambiri ndikuzizidwa kuti apange mandala omalizidwa mumphindi zochepa.

Magalasi a Trivex.
Ngakhale zili ndi zabwino zambiri, polycarbonate sizinthu zokhazo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza chitetezo komanso zovala za ana.
Mu 2001, PPG Industries (Pittsburgh, Penn.) inayambitsa magalasi amtundu wina wotchedwa Trivex.Monga magalasi a polycarbonate, magalasi opangidwa ndi Trivex ndi owonda, opepuka komanso osagwira ntchito kuposa magalasi apulasitiki kapena magalasi wamba.
Magalasi a Trivex, komabe, amapangidwa ndi urethane-based monomer ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku njira yowumba yofanana ndi momwe magalasi apulasitiki amapangidwira.Izi zimapatsa magalasi a Trivex mwayi wa ma crisper Optics kuposa magalasi opangidwa ndi jekeseni a polycarbonate, malinga ndi PPG.